Module+16

Standards: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter.
 * Module 16 – Drugs (lens: Structure) **
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter**

CAb.7 Describe the importance of geometric isomerism in drug action. CAc.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties.
 * Indicators:**

Structure Interactions Synergy Ethics Application/Effects Structure determines application. Synergy results from interactions. Effects create ethical debate.
 * Concepts: **
 * Essential Understandings**

The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. CAb.7 Describe the importance of geometric isomerism in drug action. The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. CAc.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. How do medicine and drugs work on the body? What are the structural and therapeutic differences between aspirin and acetaminophen?
 * Lesson 1 How does it work? **
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * Guiding Questions L1**

Different drugs may have similar effects on the body but very different structures. The varying structures of medicines allow people who have a reaction to one medicine to be able to take another medicine that does the same job but doesn’t react the same way with the body. Side effects of medicines are impacted by the structure. Molecular shapes of drugs are designed to prevent medicinal molecules from sticking to parts of the body where they might cause irritation and to fit in varying receptors in the body. Hydrocarbon structures are used as the base for many medicines because of their versatility.
 * Topics/Facts: **
 * Structures of medicines **

Compare and contrast molecular structure of medicines that fit in the same classification (like pain relievers). Draw and explain how the different structures allow them to have different effects on the body.
 * Suggested Lab (Inquiry) Activities: **


 * Resources

Formative Assessment** Sketch the molecular structure of aspirin. (Application)  The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. CAb.7 Describe the importance of geometric isomerism in drug action. The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. CAc.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. What effect does changing the structural makeup of a molecule have on its properties? Are there examples of isomers of substances used as drugs that react differently in the human body?
 * Lesson 2 Equal or Not? (Isomers) **
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * Guiding Questions L2**

Isomers are compounds which have the same number and types of atoms but the atoms have different arrangements. Changing the structural arrangement of the atoms also changes the properties of the molecule. Even something as simple as rotating a structural group from one side of a multiple bond to the other (cis-trans isomerism) can cause different properties in the molecules.
 * Topics/Facts: **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Isomers **

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Given a <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">molecular formula, students should be able to draw the different isomers of that molecule and make connections to the possible different properties.
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Suggested Lab (Inquiry) Activities: **

The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. CAb.7 Describe the importance of geometric isomerism in drug action. The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. CAc.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. How do pharmaceutical companies and the FDA use the molecular structure of a drug in its approval process? Why are some drugs available over the counter without prescriptions and others require a doctor’s prescription?
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Lesson 3 Development and Approval Process **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * Guiding Questions L3**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The FDA has a stringent policy for approval of drugs within the United States. This policy is designed to keep the consumer safe but has several steps which some feel slows down the process of getting drugs to the consumers soon enough. The steps include a clinical trial process. This process of creating a drug and obtaining approval for it is related to the scientific method.
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Topics/Facts: **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">FDA Drug Approval Process **

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Investigate the origins of a current medicinal drug and track its approval process. (Some currently undergoing approval are listed on the FDA website.) Were there any things along the way that slowed the process? What is the drug used for and how does its structure indicate that?
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Suggested Lab (Inquiry) Activities: **

The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. CAb.7 Describe the importance of geometric isomerism in drug action. The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. CAc.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. What are the social and physiological effects of use and abuse of ethanol? What does synergistic effect mean when describing drug use? Why do physicians insist that patients complete a full course of antibiotics even though you may feel better earlier?
 * Lesson 4 You might not want to do that! (Drug and alcohol interactions)**
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * Guiding Questions L4**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Drugs interact with one another to create compound or minimizing effects. The structure of the drugs is what allows them to interact with each other or to interact with the same systems of the body. Some drugs need to build up in our body systems in order to be effective. Some antibiotics may kill enough bacteria to make you feel better, but if all the bacteria are not killed, the infection may recur. Some drugs cause permanent changes in our bodies, especially when used for prolonged periods (for example, liver damage from alcohol).
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Topics/Facts: **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Interaction of drugs with each other **

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">A simulation which allows students to add different common drugs and alcohol in varying amounts to a body. The ability to “time lapse” or control how quickly the drugs are taken in succession would be helpful in allowing them to observe the effects. Information on whether or not the drugs interact with each other or how they do should be provided once the student has mixed them.
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Suggested Lab (Inquiry) Activities: **

The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. CAb.7 Describe the importance of geometric isomerism in drug action. The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. CAc.2 Infer the practical applications of organic and inorganic substances on the basis of their chemical and physical properties. What are the ethical and social consequences of drug abuse? What realistically can be done by society to decrease drug abuse (illicit, OTC, prescription, and alcohol)? How ethical is drug testing for athletes or employees?
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Lesson 5 So what? (Ethical and Social Consequences) **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter**
 * Guiding Questions L5**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Addiction can be physiologically based as your body develops a dependence on certain substances. Treatment for drug dependence may require more than psychological treatment. Technology is allowing drug testing to become more and more reliable, however some drugs have such similar structures that a drug test cannot differentiate between them. One of these structures may be “legal” while the other is not, causing erroneous positive results. People in various cultures or with diverse backgrounds view drug dependence differently.
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Topics/Facts: **
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Addiction **

Research three countries' policies on alcohol and drugs, and determine which (if any) is the most realistic and ethical. Defend your choice.
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Suggested Lab (Inquiry) Activities: **

Design a plan for decreasing drug abuse in American society. (Synthesis) Students need a laboratory notebook to record the lab procedures, data, processing of data, graphics, conclusions, evaluation of all activities and laboratories. This may be virtual or paper pencil but, needs to have structure, function and flexibility of a paper pencil laboratory notebook and must be something that students can keep in a separate file from the course. This should become a reference resource for procedures and past learning. Possible outputs with ethic issues surrounding this unit can be used for many formats of output and depth. Student/Teacher should come up with appropriate output of project regarding use of nuclear as energy. Possible projects online debate using webcams or instant messaging, commercials with graphics, video and music, could be paper pencil, or computer generated media. This will depend on the media, available resources to student locally, student ability, and teacher/student decision process. Student should be assessed on quality of product, depth and analysis of subject matter. Lessons 1 through 5 used for this or tied into one continuing project to include all lesson objectives. **
 * Formative Assessment:**
 * Resources **
 * Differentiation: