Module+5

Module 05 – Gases (lens: Systems)  Standard: CAe: The Interactions of Matter and Energy • The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of forces and motion.

Indicators: 1. CAe.1 Explain the behaviors of gas; the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature; and the significance of the Kelvin (absolute temperature) scale, using the kinetic molecular theory as a model. 2. CAe.2 Apply the gas laws to problems concerning changes in pressure, volume, or temperature (including Charles’s law, Boyle’s law, and the combined gas law). 3. CAe.3 Distinguish between an ideal gas and a real gas. Concepts: 1. Behavior 2. Influences 3. Relationships 4. Models 5. Ideals Essential Understandings: 1. Models approximate reality. 2. Laws express relationships. 3. Ideal models predict motion. 


 * Essential Understandings: **
 * The ideal gas model approximates real gases. **
 * Scientific laws express relationships in gases. **

Lesson 1 – The Atmosphere Standard: CAe: The Interactions of Matter and Energy
 * · ** The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of forces and motion.

Indicators: 1.  CAe.1 Explain the behaviors of gas; the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature; and the significance of the Kelvin (absolute temperature) scale, using the kinetic molecular theory as a model.

Guiding Questions: 1.  What is suggested by the fact that chemical analysis of ancient air trapped in glacial ice has about the same chemical makeup as the current atmosphere? 2. <span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">How would the temperature and pressure of air molecules on a mountain top compare to the movement and pressure of air molecules in a coastal city?

Composition of the Atmosphere -** The percentage of the main gases. - Standard atmospheric pressure. - How the temperature, pressure, and amount of gas varies with altitude. - Definition of Pressure - How to measure and calculate pressure. - Air has volume and is less dense than water. Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities. -Lower and empty drinking glass into water open side down then slowly tilt the glass while submerged. - Place a small hole near the bottom of a plastic water bottle, cover the hole with your finger, fill with water, then replace the cap tightly (while coveing the hole). Hold over the sink and remove your finger from the hole. - Place about one tablespoon of water in a clean and empty soda can. Place on a hot pan until the water boils. Then with tongs quickly invert the can into a container of ice-cold water. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">**Resources** Plastic water bottle, empty soda can, tongs, pan. Deduce what caused the result from the can being inverted into cold water.
 * Topics and Facts
 * Pressure**
 * Suggested Lab Activities**
 * Formative Assessment**
 * Differentiated Instruction**

Lesson 2 – Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) Standard: CAe: The Interactions of Matter and Energy **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of forces and motion.

Indicators: CAe.1 Explain the behaviors of gas; the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature; and the significance of the Kelvin (absolute temperature) scale, using the kinetic molecular theory as a model. CAe.3 Distinguish between an ideal gas and a real gas.

Guiding Questions: If absolute zero is the temperature at which all motion stops, will it ever be achieved? P *Under what conditions do real gases differ most from ideal gases; why is this the case? Kinetic Molecular Theory** - The four postulates of KMT. - Kelvin temperature scale and how it relates to Celsius temperature scale - Temperature is a measure of Kinetic Energy - Definition of Absolute Zero Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities.** - KMT virtual simulation <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">**Resources N/A Formative Assessment** If all motion will stope at absolute zero, debate with your classmates what will happen when the temperature increases agian.
 * Topics and Facts
 * Absolute Zero**
 * Suggested Lab Activities
 * Differentiated Instruction**

Lesson 3 – Pressure and Volume Standard: CAe: The Interactions of Matter and Energy **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of forces and motion.

Indicators: CAe.1 Explain the behaviors of gas; the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature; and the significance of the Kelvin (absolute temperature) scale, using the kinetic molecular theory as a model. CAe.2 Apply the gas laws to problems concerning changes in pressure, volume, or temperature (including Charles’s law, Boyle’s law, and the combined gas law).

Guiding Questions:

1. What is the scientific definition of pressure and how does this relate to the everyday use of the word as it applies to people? P 2. <span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">How could you explain how a squirt gun works using Boyle’s Law? C

- definition of and formula for Boyle's Law - how pressure is effected by a change in volume of a gas - how volume is effected by a change in pressure -gases fill the voume of their containers and are mainly empty space
 * Topics and Facts**
 * Boyle's Law**

Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Suggested Lab Activities

-insert a small balloon into the mouth of an empty large soft drink bottle, then cover the mouth with the end of the balloon. Try to blow up the balloon so that it fills the bottle.

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">**Resources** Large empty softdrink bottle, small uninflated balloon Illustrate to others how pressure and volume of a fixed amount of gas are related.
 * Formative Assessment**
 * Differentiated Instruction**

Lesson 4 – Temperature and Volume Standard: CAe: The Interactions of Matter and Energy
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 7pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of forces and motion.

Indicators: CAe.1 Explain the behaviors of gas; the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature; and the significance of the Kelvin (absolute temperature) scale, using the kinetic molecular theory as a model. CAe.2 Apply the gas laws to problems concerning changes in pressure, volume, or temperature (including Charles’s law, Boyle’s law, and the combined gas law).

Guiding Questions: -How and why does temperature affect the pressure of a gas in a sealed container? C *What changes would you see if a filled Helium balloon were left outside overnight in the winter, please explain using KMT and Charles’ Law? Topics and facts Charles' Law -definition and formula for Charles' Law -How temperature is effected by a change in volume -How volume is effected by a change in temperature -gases fill the voume of their containers and are mainly empty space

Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Suggested Lab Activities

-Blow up a small balloon so that it will fit in a large measuring cup with room to spare. Fill the measuring cup with hot water just enough so that you can read the water level when the balloon has been submerged for one minute. Record the water level. Empty and then refill the measuring cup with very cold water and again record the water level after the balloon has been submerged for one minute.

<span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">**Resources** Small balloon, large measuring cup Illustrate to others the relationship between volume and temperature of a fixed amount of gas.
 * Formative Assessment**
 * Differentiated Instruction**

Lesson 5 – Combining it all Standard: <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">CAe: The Interactions of Matter and Energy **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature of forces and motion.

Indicators: CAe.1 Explain the behaviors of gas; the relationship among pressure, volume, and temperature; and the significance of the Kelvin (absolute temperature) scale, using the kinetic molecular theory as a model. CAe.2 Apply the gas laws to problems concerning changes in pressure, volume, or temperature (including Charles’s law, Boyle’s law, and the combined gas law).

Guiding Questions:

The Combined Gas Law -Relate both Charles' and Boyle's laws to the combined gas law equation. -Basic calculations using the combined gas law equation. -Describe the effects of a temperature, pressure, or volume change of a closed gas sample. Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities.**
 * 1) How are Charles’ and Boyle’s laws related to the combined gas law? C *What would happen to a beach ball that was fully inflated in Denver Colorado (mile high city) and driven down to Oceanside California (coastal city); according to the combined gas law and KMT? Topics and Facts
 * Suggested Lab Activities

Virtual Lab on the effect of temperature, volume, or pressure change on a closed gas sample. <span style="font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">**Resources N/A Formative Assessment** Evaluate how the volume of a one liter balloon at sea level (1.0 atmoshpere) and 25 degrees Celsius will change when taken to the top of a mountain at 10 degrees Celsius and 0.8 atmoshpere.
 * Differentiated Instruction**