Module+3


 * Module 03 – Classification of Matter (lens: Composition)

Standards: CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter • The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. CAf: The Interactions of Matter and Energy • The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature, conservation, and transformation of energy.

Indicators: 1. CAc.1 Distinguish chemical properties of matter (including reactivity) from physical properties of matter (including boiling point, freezing/melting point, density [with density calculations], solubility, viscosity, and conductivity). 2. CAc.7 Classify various solutions as acids or bases according to their physical properties, chemical properties (including neutralization and reaction with metals), generalized formulas, and pH (using pH meters or pH paper). 3. CAf.3 Carry out calculations to find the concentration of solutions in terms of percent mass.**  1. Interactions 2. Identity**
 * Concepts:


 * Essential Understandings: **
 * ** The physical properties of a compound reflect the nature of the interactions among its molecules.  **
 * The chemical properties of a compound reflect the nature of the interactions among its molecules. ** **

Lesson 1 Changing Matter Standard: • The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter.** Indicators: CAc.1 Distinguish chemical properties of matter (including reactivity) from physical properties of matter (including boiling point, freezing/melting point, density [with density calculations], solubility, viscosity, and conductivity).
 * CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter

Guiding Questions: 1. What distinguishes one type of matter from all other types? 2. What happens when matter changes, and how can you tell that a change has occurred?


 * Topics/Facts:**
 * Physical and Chemical Properties**
 * Physical properties are those characteristics of a substance which can be observed without changing the identity of the substance. **
 * Chemical properties are those characteristics of a substance which can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance.**
 * We use the properties of matter to classify the matter into categories.**
 * Physical and Chemical Changes**
 * Changes in physical properties of matter (for example, color) are considered physical changes.**
 * Changes in states of matter are physical changes.**
 * Changes in the identity of a substance are chemical changes.**
 * Chemical changes are often accompanied by physical changes.**

-Given a list of chemical and physical properties and changes, identify which are which. -Students should have several substances for which they have to observe the chemical and physical properties before they are combined and again after, and determine which are chemical and which are physical changes.
 * Suggested Lab (Inquiry) Activities:**

N/A
 * Resources

Formative Assessment Students should be able to identify examples of physical and chemical properties and changes and explain why they are classified that way.

Differentiated Instruction**

Standard: CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter • The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. Indicators: CAc.7 Classify various solutions as acids or bases according to their physical properties, chemical properties (including neutralization and reaction with metals), generalized formulas, and pH (using pH meters or pH paper). Guiding Questions : 1. What reactions can be observe which will identify if a substance is an acid or a base? 2. How do we measure the strength of an acid or base, and list one strong and weak of each?**
 * Lesson 2 Acids and Bases

Acids are substances characterized by their ability to dissolve in water and create hydrogen ions. Bases are substances characterized by their ability to dissolve in water and create hydroxide ions. When acids and bases combine with one another, the hydrogen ions and the hydroxide ions form water. This is known as neutralization. The pH scale is related to the concentration of hydrogen ion present in the solution. The pH scale is from 0-14. The numbers below 7 are considered acidic. The numbers greater than 7 are basic, and 7 is considered neutral.
 * Topics/Facts:**
 * Acids and Bases**
 * pH**

Determination of pH of common substances - may use different indicators. A home made indicator of red cabbage juice would be an excellent choice for identifying household substances.
 * Suggested Lab (Inquiry) Activities:**

N/A
 * Resources

Formative Assessment** Classify various substances as acids or bases.


 * Differentiated Instruction**

Standard: • The student will demonstrate an understanding of the nature, conservation, and transformation of energy.** CAf.3 Carry out calculations to find the concentration of solutions in terms of percent mass. 1. How can calculating percent mass be compared to calculating a grade on an assignment? 2. How can particle interactions be used to explain changes in concentration (percent mass)?
 * Lesson 3 How much is there?**
 * CAf: The Interactions of Matter and Energy
 * Indicators:**
 * Guiding Questions:**

Concentration is a measure of how much matter is dissolved in a solution. Concentration can be measured in different ways. One way to measure concentration is percent mass. Percent mass = (mass of the solute/mass of the solution) x 100% Calculating percent mass is very similar to calculating a grade on an assignment.
 * Topics/Facts:**
 * Concentration**

Students should be given something for which they can calculate the percent composition by weighing its total mass and the mass of one or more of its components (possibly by breaking it down into its parts).
 * Suggested Lab (Inquiry) Activities:**

N/A
 * Resources

Formative Assessment Evaluate how the percent composition of a substance would change if the mass of only one of the components increased or decreased.

Differentiated Instruction**

Standard: • The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter.** CAc.7 Classify various solutions as acids or bases according to their physical properties, chemical properties (including neutralization and reaction with metals), generalized formulas, and pH (using pH meters or pH paper). 1. How do changes in concentration affect the pH of a mixture? 2. Will a concentration change affect acids and bases equally? 3. Given an aquarium with an acidic pH, how could you adjust it to be the correct pH for a fish with a preference for slightly basic water (such as a goldfish)?
 * Lesson 4 Concentration and pH**
 * CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter
 * Indicators:**
 * Guiding Questions:**

Changes in concentration can be caused by adding more solute or removing some solvent (possibly through evaporation). When more solute is added, the concentration increases. When more solvent is added, the concentration decreases. When solvent is removed, the concentration increases. The change in the pH of the solution depends upon the type of solute.
 * Topics/Facts:**
 * Changes in concentration**

Have students prepare dilutions of a substance (so they have varying concentrations of the same solution) and test the pH. They can do this for several substances and graph the data.
 * Suggested Lab (Inquiry) Activities:**

N/A
 * Resources

Formative Assessment Analyze what effect adding two acids or two bases together has on pH of the solution. Develop a plan to adjust the pH of an aquarium to the appropriate level for the fish it contains.

Differentiated Instruction**

Standard: • The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter.** CAc.1 Distinguish chemical properties of matter (including reactivity) from physical properties of matter (including boiling point, freezing/melting point, density [with density calculations], solubility, viscosity, and conductivity). 1. How can the components of a mixture or a solution be separated from each other? 2. What solutions or mixtures exist that cannot be separated? Why not?
 * Lesson 5 Taking Things Apart**
 * CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter
 * Indicators:**
 * Guiding Questions:**

Different methods of separation are appropriate to different kinds of mixtures. Filtration, crystallization, and distillation separate substances by their physical properties. Filtration works for larger particles. Distillation is separation by boiling points. Crystallization is separation of solute from solvent by solidifying, but usually means the solvent is “lost.” Running an electrical current through something can separate it chemically.
 * Topics/Facts:**
 * Methods of separation**

From a variety of different mixtures, students should develop a procedure for separating the mixtures into their component parts without losing any of the parts.  N/A
 * Suggested Lab Activities:**
 * Resources

Formative Assessment Create a separation procedure for a mixture composed of differing types of solutions. Differentiated Instruction**