Module+7

· **The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. **
 * Module 07 – Metals and Nonmetals (lens: Design) **
 * Standards: **
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**

· **The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. **
 * __CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter __**


 * Indicators:**
 * 1. CAb.5 Predict the charge that a representative element will acquire according to the arrangement of electrons in its outer energy level.**
 * 2. CAc.5 Compare the properties of the four states of matter—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma—in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles. **
 * Concepts: **
 * 1. Patterns**
 * 2. Structure**
 * 3. Organization**


 * Essential Understandings: **
 * 1. Forces indicate organization.**
 * 2. Structure correlates to function.**


 * Essential Understandings: **
 * Components of particles determine the pattern of interactions in substances. **
 * The organization of particles in an atom determines their identity. **


 * Lesson 1- Metals **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Standards:**
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter __**<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">
 * Indicators:**
 * CAc.5 Compare the properties of the four states of matter—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma—in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles. **


 * Guiding Questions**
 * 1. Since all metals are conductors, lustrous, and malleable, why can they not be interchanged at will for applications?**
 * 2. Why has gold (Au) throughout history been highly valued in cultures around the world?**

Definitions of conductivity (both electrical and thermal), malleability, luster, and ductility. Periodic reactivity variations. Uses of metals based on these properties. Metals are the most abundant type of element and encompass the entire left side and middle of the PTE. All metals except mercury (Hg) are solids at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. Identify and locate the alkali, alkaline earth, and transition metals. Natural abundance and uses. Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities. N/A Formative Assessment** Compare the reactivity of metals across a period.
 * Topics and Facts**
 * Properties of Metals**
 * Location and states**
 * Suggested Labs or Activities **
 * Virtual comparison of at least one metal from each group in regards to reactivity, conductivity, and use. Should be presented and compiled as a class resource.**
 * Resources
 * Differentiated Instruction

Lesson 2- Nonmetals**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Standards:**
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter __**<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">
 * Indicators:**
 * CAc.5 Compare the properties of the four states of matter—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma—in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles. **


 * Guiding Questions**
 * 1. Are nonmetals suitable for electric wiring; why or why not?**
 * 2. How could you describe Bromine (Br) in such a manner that would distinguish it from the other Halogens?**

Definitions of brittle and nonconductor. Periodic and group reactivity variations. Uses of nonmetals based on these properties. Nonmetals are located on the far right side of the PTE. Nonmetals as a group have a variety of states at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. Identify and locate the halogens, and noble gases, and distinguish them by their reactivities. Natural abundance and uses.
 * Topics and Facts**
 * Properties of Nonmetals**
 * Location and states**

Suggested Labs or Activities Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities. N/A Formative Assessment** Compare the reactivity and common uses of the halogens from top to bottom in their group on the PTE.
 * Virtual comparison of at least one nonmetal from each group in regards to reactivity, natural state and use. Should be presented and compiled as a class resource.**
 * Resources
 * Differentiated Instruction**


 * Lesson 3- Metalloids**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Standards:**
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter __**<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">
 * Indicators:**
 * CAc.5 Compare the properties of the four states of matter—solid, liquid, gas, and plasma—in terms of the arrangement and movement of particles. **


 * Guiding Questions **
 * 1. What characteristics enable silicon to be used in computers and other technological devices which require transistors? **
 * 2. What are some applications of metalloids for which metals and nonmetals would be unsuited? **

Definition of semiconductor. Periodic and group reactivity variations. Uses of metalloids based on these properties. Metalloids are located on a stair-step area between metals and nonmetals on the PTE. Metalloids are solids at room temperature and normal atmospheric pressure. Natural abundance and uses.
 * Topics and Facts **
 * Properties of metalloids**
 * Location and states**

Suggested Labs or Activities Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities.
 * Virtual comparison of two metalloids in regards to reactivity, natural state and use. Should be presented and compiled as a class resource.**

N/A Formative Assessment** Defend how the metalloids can also be called semi-metals.
 * Resources
 * Differentiated Instruction**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Lesson 4- Predicting charges**
 * Standards:**
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">CAb.5 Predict the charge that a representative element will acquire according to the arrangement of electrons in its outer energy level. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter __**<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">
 * Indicators:**


 * Guiding Questions**
 * 1. What relationship exists between an ion’s charge and its location on the PTE?**
 * 2. Why do the group 14 elements not tend to form ions?**

Cation and anion definition (an anion is __a n__egative __ion__). Noble gases do not become ions. Metals lose electrons to become cations. Nonmetals gain electrons to become anions. Noble gases are very stable, and other elements want to mimic that stability. The elements gain or lose electrons to reach the closest noble gas, which may be either on the period above or at the end of their period. For example, sodium (Na) can lose one electron to reach neon (Ne) or gain seven to reach argon (Ar); one is smaller than seven so it loses the one electron. Losing electrons creates positively charged ions, gaining electrons creates negatively charged ions. Recall that electrons are negatively and protons are positively charged.
 * Topics and Facts**
 * Ions**
 * Predicting Charge**

Suggested Labs or Activities Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities.
 * Students should practice predicting charges virtually.**

N/A Formative Assessment** Examine the PTE and explain why the group 14 elements do not tend to form ions based on their location.
 * Resources
 * Differentiated Instruction**


 * Lesson 5- Designing a coin**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of the structure and properties of atoms. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * Standards:**
 * CAb: Structure and Properties of Matter**

<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">The student will demonstrate an understanding of various properties and classifications of matter. **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">
 * __<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">CAc: Structure and Properties of Matter __**<span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt;">
 * <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">Indicators: **<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">


 * Guiding Questions:**
 * 1. Based on physical properties and reactivity, what type of element (or elements if choosing an alloy) would be the best material for a coin, and why?**
 * 2. Pennies minted before 1983 are heavier than those made after that time; what factors influenced this change?**

State, melting point, etc…of metals, metalloids, nonmetals, and possibly alloys. Reactivity of Metals, metalloids, nonmetals, and possibly alloys. Location, availability, mining, and production costs of material.
 * Topics and Facts**
 * Physical Properties of Elements**
 * Chemical Properties of Elements**
 * Cost**

Suggested Labs or Activities Students should be required to interpret and analyze data from all labs and activities.
 * Design a coin either individually or as a group. Facts to consider are material choice, source of raw material, cost of production, physical and chemical properties, and design size and shape.** <span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">

N/A Formative Assessment**
 * Resources


 * Differentiated Instruction**